PreTraining Basics

Pre-training math basics (autoregressive token modeling, MLE / NLL training objectives, training gradients, KL divergence)

2026-11-02 · 2 min · 347 words · Xiyuan Yang

PreTraining Data Selection

Pre-training data recipes & paper list (data sampling selection, data filtering / de-duplication, model-based data scoring)

2026-11-02 · 1 min · 109 words · Xiyuan Yang

Distributed Parallel Systems for LLM Pre-Training

LLM Pretraining Parallelism (GPU Communication, DP/DDP, ZeRO, FSDP, TP, SP, CP, PP, EP, Mixed Precision)

2026-10-14 · 6 min · 1094 words · Xiyuan Yang

Optimizers

Classical optimizers for LLM pretraining. (SGD, Adam, MUON)

2026-09-30 · 1 min · 2 words · Xiyuan Yang